Overview of Rob Malone's journey from retroviruses to mRNA vaccine concept in the late 80s
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Rob Malone’s fascination with retroviruses led to his exploration of RNA in the late 80s. • 1:33
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Malone’s background in retroviral gene therapy influenced his interest in RNA and mRNA vaccines. • 3:14
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Malone’s initial focus was on understanding how RNA of retroviruses assembles into live virus particles. • 4:39
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RNA serves as a bridge between DNA and proteins in the process of gene expression. • 6:20
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Retroviruses have a unique process involving RNA to DNA conversion, influencing Malone’s research direction. • 7:08
Discovery of mRNA vaccine technology through gene therapy experiments and serendipitous non-viral RNA transfer method
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Initial research on retroviruses packaging RNA to produce viable retroviruses. • 7:47
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Realization of using gene therapy technology to produce vaccines in the 1980s. • 9:18
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Identification of immune response as a challenge in gene therapy and potential solution through vaccine development. • 11:03
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Aha moment regarding the timeline of immune response in mice and gene therapy logic flaw. • 11:39
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Recognition of the need to pivot from gene therapy to vaccine development for practical application. • 12:15
Challenges and discoveries in mRNA vaccine research and personal struggles faced by a scientist
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Research on mRNA in frog embryos led to unexpected success with chick embryos. • 13:30
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Struggles with post-traumatic stress disorder and personal growth during PhD studies. • 15:24
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Transition from Salk Institute to Vical led to significant breakthrough in mRNA research. • 17:31
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Personal experiences and observations of toxic work environment at Salk Institute. • 18:48
Challenges faced by a scientist in receiving credit for their contributions in the competitive world of academic research
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Pressure cooker environment with multiple postdocs assigned to tasks. • 20:19
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Initial excitement and ambition in a prestigious research environment. • 21:08
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Struggle in receiving credit for pioneering work on mRNA vaccines. • 22:39
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Ownership rights and restrictions leading to loss of research opportunities. • 23:01
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Emotional impact likened to feeling of having creation taken away. • 24:15
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Importance of academic recognition and citing intellectual contributions. • 25:08
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Personal commitment to ensure proper credit for all contributions in the academic community. • 26:28
Significant advancements in mRNA vaccine technology discussed by Dr. Robert Malone
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Dr. Malone expresses amazement at the efficiency of mRNA vaccines in gene therapy. • 27:38
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Dr. Peter Cullis and his team played a crucial role in developing lipid formulations for mRNA vaccines. • 29:12
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Despite the benefits, there are potential risks associated with the high efficiency of mRNA vaccines. • 30:11
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Initial focus on drug repurposing over vaccine development during the early stages of the pandemic. • 31:20
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Government decisions to invest in mRNA vaccine technology have been validated. • 32:49
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Dr. Malone provided an independent assessment of data related to mRNA vaccine submissions in Japan. • 33:42
Investigation reveals concerning deficiencies in Pfizer vaccine regulatory submission
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Documents uncovered in Canada raised safety concerns in vaccine recipients. • 34:51
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Scientist requested to review and assess regulatory documents for transparency. • 35:50
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Commitment to openness and transparency in sharing information about experimental products. • 37:21
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Belief in the public’s ability to make informed decisions based on available information. • 38:16
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Challenging scientific community to prevent group think and ensure safety in research. • 40:16
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Independent assessment revealed unusual deficiencies in Pfizer’s regulatory submission. • 41:29
Investigation of biodistribution of mRNA vaccine in animal models reveals unexpected spread and concentration in tissues
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Discovery of unexpected biodistribution of mRNA vaccine in animal models • 41:58
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Use of luciferase RNA in studies to detect protein expression • 43:11
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Presence of injected material in distal sites and biological activity • 45:07
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High concentration of lipids in ovaries compared to testis in rodents • 46:21
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Expectation of injected material to spread through lymphatic system • 48:00
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Formulations engineered to preferentially go through lymphatics to lymph nodes • 48:43
Insights on mRNA vaccine distribution and unexpected systemic effects discussed by Robert Malone
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Systemic distribution of mRNA vaccines was not previously disclosed in literature • 49:26
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Unexpected concentration in organs like ovaries raised concerns • 49:49
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Selection bias in reporting vaccine-related events highlighted • 50:10
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Subjective decisions play a role in determining vaccine-related events • 52:34
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Observation of spike protein spreading systemically in the body discussed • 53:12
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Research on distribution of RNA into cells and spike protein production mentioned • 54:44
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Study involving nurses from Harvard and Brigham on vaccine effects cited • 55:29
Insights on spike protein presence in blood, implications on autoimmune response, and scientific approach to hypotheses
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Detection of free spike protein in nurses’ blood using sophisticated technology • 55:50
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Significant levels of circulating spike protein found in nurses for a prolonged period • 56:33
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Spike protein’s biological activity and potential to bind to ACE2 receptor in vascular endothelial cells • 58:10
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Discussion on triggering autoimmune response post-vaccination and the importance of considering multiple hypotheses in science • 1:00:10
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Adopting a method of multiple working hypotheses in scientific exploration • 1:01:18
Discussion on autoimmune response in delayed pathology of COVID-19 and mRNA vaccine safety concerns
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Immune system responds to foreign protein complexes as different entities • 1:02:31
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Delayed severe COVID-19 disease often linked to autoimmune response • 1:03:42
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Thrombocytopenia and other symptoms consistent with autoimmune functions observed in COVID-19 patients • 1:05:11
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Regulatory agencies require extensive safety data due to autoimmune disease risk • 1:06:44
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Autoimmune diseases manifest over a longer time course, necessitating long-term safety follow-up • 1:08:07
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Urgency to balance vaccine safety with the need to address the current COVID-19 crisis • 1:08:50
Concerns raised about the safety of mRNA vaccines, especially in adolescents, due to potential risks like cardiomyopathy
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Discussion on the appropriateness of continuing mass vaccination, particularly in low-risk groups • 1:09:32
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Concerns raised about safety signals and high levels of spike protein in the blood from mRNA vaccines • 1:10:24
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Importance of full disclosure of risks to patients, especially adolescents who cannot provide full informed consent • 1:13:10
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Identification of safety signal for cardiomyopathy in adolescent population receiving mRNA vaccines • 1:14:46
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Lack of confidence in vaccine safety due to discrepancies in reported data and confirmation of safety signals • 1:16:06
Ethical concerns surrounding experimental vaccines and evolving safety databases
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Government history of tolerating risks in vaccine programs • 1:16:46
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Subjective nature of risk-benefit ratio in vaccine decision-making • 1:18:13
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Importance of informed consent for adolescents receiving experimental vaccines • 1:20:03
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Caution against vaccinating adolescents with evolving safety data • 1:21:37
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Historical ethical dilemmas in public health decision-making • 1:22:08
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Need for rigorous safety data disclosure from other countries • 1:23:26
Discussion on ethical concerns and transparency regarding experimental vaccines
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Importance of full disclosure of risks to patients • 1:24:09
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Need for public comprehension of disclosed risks • 1:24:50
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Belief in individual choice regarding experimental vaccines • 1:25:12
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Acknowledgment of the timeliness and relevance of the discussion • 1:25:54
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Expressing gratitude for the conversation and anticipation of future discussions • 1:26:17